R1b1a2

The Atlantic Seaboard

IGENEA identified Tutankhamun’s DNA as R1b1a2 (short Name M269)

This is a sub clade of R1b and an examination of R1b distribution gives surprising results. It is the Atlantic Seaboard which is dominated by R1b and the major sub clade supporting that domination is R1b1a2. A popular display of the data is by haplogroup concentrations marked up as isoclines on a map.

The peoples of the Atlantic. Some people like graphics others prefer numbers. Look at the R1b column to see how R1b dominates. The key issue is in the Pyrenean counties. Catalonia, Arnagnac, Bearn, Aquitaine, Navarre, Leon and Asturias have all dominant R1b DNA. The emergent state of Occitan fell within this area.Some people like graphics others prefer numbers. Look at the R1b column to see how R1b dominates.

The key issue is in the Pyrenean counties. Catalonia, Arnagnac, Bearn, Aquitaine, Navarre, Leon and Asturias have all dominant R1b DNA.

The emergent state of Occitan fell within this area. Tabular presentations give the facility to show the actual results of studies in more detail. From such maps and tables it can be clearly seen that R1 and particularly R1b dominates along the Atlantic Seaboard.

The Basque Anomaly

It is the presence  of the same Haplogroup in both Celtic and Basque areas which raises enormous difficulties. The Celtic languages are Indo-European but the language of the Basques which once covered all of the southern part of this geographical area is non Indo-European.  Occitan languages which succeeded Basque are also considered to be Indo-European.If the Basques are at very centre of this enigma then consider this intriguing fact. The closest language to the Basque language is Ainu, the aboriginal Japanese language. This conclusion is drawn from the very same comparison of words and structure which lead to the identification of Indo-European group of languages with Sanscrit.

The distribution of R1b1a2 is today almost identical to the overall R1b distribution. In Egypt today R1b1a2 is rare. A consensus of Opinion is  that the R1bia2 group and subsequent mutations arose in the Eastern Mediterranean, migrated to the Pyrenees and from there spread up and down the Atlantic coast from North Africa to the Orkneys. The unanswered questions are when? how? and why?And How could Egypt have been involved?

Naming Anomalies

The geneticists do not make it easy for outsiders to follow their deliberations.  As an example of how complex the naming conventions might be:-

From 2003 to 2005 what is now R1b1a2 was designated R1b3.

From 2005 to 2008 it was R1b1c.

From 2008 to 2011 it was R1b1b2.

Every one of these changes in turn changed the Y-DNA Hierachy.

Regardless of naming conventions, how can today’s Haplogroup concentrations be explained?

Natural Selection

Natural Selection The pattern of the XY chromosome inheritance means that the latest pairing in a genetic chain wipes out all evidence of all earlier pairings.

If there is a very large majority of people in any area carrying a specific X or Y Chromosome then statistically, if there are no other factors at work there well eventually be only the dominant Y and X chromosomes remaining.

Suppose however the Y pool is diluted by invasion and/or by trading relationships, tourism or cultural interaction. If there is a change in power, wealth or influence as a result of any of these effects, a different Y Haplogroup group may from small beginnings grow quite quickly.

The Mating Game

The Mating Game Why? Women in their search for security for their children will give powerful wealthy men preference. Their children would then be in demand, both male and female, because they had access to influence procured by wealth and power. It is an interesting example of natural selection.

At this point I detect that I am sliding away from fact and towards opinion. I will therefore move to topics which clearly are opinion, both my own and that propagated by others.

The most dangerous woman in the world

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Extract from The Prisoner of Foix--Chapter 43 -The EntranceNo need to buy a Kindle. Read it on your computer or tablet

John Stanley-26th April 1355

 

'Looks like we are going to see a bit of excitement, John. The Captain tried to get an agreement from the Prince that if there is surf running across the channel to Arcachon we will turn back to Bordeaux, but the Prince would hear none of it. Instead, he has offered to provide insurance for all three ships. If they are damaged or sunk, the owners will be compensated and every sailor who makes the passage will be given a bounty payment. What none of this seems to take into account is that if we sink in rough, fast-flowing waters we might all drown.'

John raised his eyebrows. 'But that is what we are going to do?'

'Yes, despite the fact that surf running accross the entrance is not uncommon and the deep water channel moves continually. In the end, the Prince attacked their captains on their weakest point, their professional pride! He threw down the gauntlet. He offered to take the Sally first through the channel, and to take control during the passage.' He raised his brow. 'We are going into the Bay of Arcachon, come what may! '

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Extract from The Eagle of Carcassone -- Chapter 24-- A Real GoddessNo need to buy a Kindle. Read it on your computer or tablet

John Stanley - 22 July 1355

An hour later John walked with Ximene close to the river along the valley below St Feriole. It was the very essence of a summer’s day. The sun was fierce but in the shadow of the trees, it was cool and fragrant. The trees and shrubs along the riverbank hid their progress, from the Château, from St Feriole.

Eventually they reached a point where John thought it was safe to emerge from cover. To his satisfaction the stream extended into a pool with a sandy beach, shaded by trees. Where the stream entered the pool there was a flat grassy area, almost circular. Behind this, the bulk of two mountain ridges provided a splendid backdrop. He looked around once more ‘Not just a good training ground but a great training ground. If the Greek heroes knew about this they might be tempted to join me, to train with me’

Ximene laughed out loud. He turned to look at her. She had removed her outer clothes and was wearing a white chemise, cut short so that it barely reached her knees. Around her waist, she wore a plaited leather belt, obviously fashioned from the multitude of leather straps to be found in the tackle room.

She ran her hands down over her breasts. ‘When you were unconscious I heard you muttering about gods and goddesses, so  I have decided that from now on, for you, I will be the goddess.’

Available February 2020
The Prisoner of FoixVol 1 of the series—The Treasure of Trencavel

Aquitaine, an English possession, is in crisis. It is under threat from neighbouring nations and internal dissension.

The Black Prince, King Edward III’s eldest son has been given the task of taking command in Aquitaine.

Suddenly there is an opportunity. Ximene Trencavel is the heiress to the lands of Occitan, to the east of Aquitaine: lands controlled by the Franks. Ximene wants independence, both for herself and for Occitan.

A union between Aquitaine and Occitan would be mutually beneficial. The Black Prince undertakes a secret journey to meet Ximene to negotiate a marriage contract. It is, however, a marriage neither of them really wants.

Meanwhile, the  Franks plot to murder Ximene to prevent ,not just the marriage, but any kind of union between England and Occitan.

The Eagle Of CarcassonneVol II of the series—The Treasure of Trencavel

The loose alliance between Ximene Trencavel and the Black Prince is under threat.

The Prince invades Occitan, to show his support for Ximene but it becomes an invasion which creates more problems than it solves.

The Prince has fallen hopelessly in love with Joan of Kent and Joan is now determined to marry him and become the next Queen of England.

Joan is therefore  determined to convince Ximene that she should not marry the Prince.

Part of her strategy is to encourage Ximene’s relationship with John Stanley—one of the Princes bodyguards—not an easy task as both John and Ximene have doubts about their compatibility.

However, John is grievously injured in a battle and Ximene commits herself to nurse him back to health.